Yini i-die casting
I-Die casting inqubo yokukhiqiza esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ezinokunemba okuphezulu nokuqedwa kwendawo.Kuhilela ukuphoqelela insimbi encibilikisiwe endaweni yokubumba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu.Isikhunta sesikhunta sidalwa yizinsimbi ezimbili eziqinile ezifayo ezifakwe ngomshini zibe yisimo esifunwayo.
Inqubo iqala ngokuncibilika kwensimbi, ngokuvamile i-aluminium, i-zinc, noma i-magnesium, esithandweni.Insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe isijova esibunjeni ngomfutho omkhulu kusetshenziswa umshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic.Insimbi iqina ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, futhi izingxenye ezimbili zesikhunta ziyavuleka ukuze kukhululwe ingxenye eqediwe.
I-Die casting isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi nezindonga ezincane, njengamabhulokhi enjini, izindlu zokudlulisela, kanye nezingxenye zezimoto kanye ne-aerospace ehlukahlukene.Le nqubo iphinde idume ekukhiqizeni izimpahla ezithengwayo, njengamathoyizi, i-kitchenware, nezinto zikagesi.
I-Pressure Die Casting
I-Die casting iyinqubo ekhethekile eye yathuthukiswa kakhulu phakathi nekhulu lama-20.Inqubo eyisisekelo ihlanganisa: Insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa/ijovwe esikhunjeni sensimbi futhi ngesivinini esiphezulu, ingcindezi engaguquki kanye neqinisayo (ekugayweni komfutho wegazi) kanye nokupholisa insimbi encibilikisiwe iqina ukuze yakhe ukubunjwa okuqinile.Ngokuvamile, inqubo ngokwayo ithatha imizuzwana embalwa futhi iyindlela esheshayo yokwenza umkhiqizo wensimbi ovela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe.I-die casting ifanele izinto ezifana ne-tin, lead, zinc, i-aluminium, i-magnesium kuya kuma-alloys ethusi ngisho nama-alloys ensimbi njengensimbi engagqwali.Ama-alloys amakhulu asetshenziswa namuhla ekukhiqizeni i-pressure die cast yi-aluminium, zinc ne-magnesium.Kusukela emishinini yokuqala ye-die cast eqondise amathuluzi e-die ekuqondeni mpo kuya ezingeni elivamile manje lokuma okuvundlile nokusebenza, ukuqinisa amabha othayi amane kanye nezigaba zenqubo elawulwa ngokugcwele yikhompyutha inqubo eye yathuthuka kuyo yonke iminyaka.
Imboni isikhule yaba umshini wokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, yenza izingxenye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, eziningi zazo ezizokwazi ukufinyeleleka kuzo njengoba ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo we-die castings kuhluke kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zokucindezela ziyafa
Ezinye zezinzuzo ze-high pressure die cast:
• Inqubo ifanele ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu.
• Khiqiza ukulingwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo zokwenza insimbi (isb. ukukhanda).
• Izingxenye zamandla aphezulu ezikhiqizwe esimweni sokulinywa (kuncike ekwakhiweni kwengxenye).
• Ukuphindaphinda kobukhulu.
• Izingxenye zodonga ezizacile zingenzeka (isb. 1-2.5mm).
• Ukubekezelelana okuhle komugqa (isb. 2mm/m).
• Ukuqedwa kahle kwendawo (isb. 0.5-3 µm).
Inqubo ye-hot chamber pressure die casting ihlanganisa ukuncibilika kwensimbi ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo esiseduze/okuyingxenye yengxenye engaguquki yepuleti lomshini wokuphonsa kanye nomjovo wensimbi encibilikisiwe ngokusebenzisa i-plunger engaphansi kwamanzi ngokuqondile nge-gooseneck kanye nozzle kanye naphakathi. ithuluzi lokufa.I-gooseneck kanye nombhobho kudinga ukushiswa ukuze kuvinjwe insimbi eqandisiwe ngaphambi kokuba ifike endaweni efayo, yonke indawo yokushisisa kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe yale nqubo yilapho igama legumbi elishisayo livela khona.Isisindo sokudubula sinqunywa ukushaywa, ubude kanye nobubanzi be-plunger kanye nomkhono/usayizi wegumbi futhi umlomo wombhobho nawo udlala indima okufanele icatshangelwe ekuklanyweni okufayo.Uma insimbi isiqinile emgodini wokufa (kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela) i-platen enguhhafu ehambayo yomshini lapho ingxenye enyakazayo yediyizi igxiliwe ukuze ivuleke futhi ukusakaza kukhishwa ebusweni bokufa futhi kukhishwe ethuluzini.Ubuso bokufa bube bugcotshwa ngesistimu yesifutho, idayi iyavalwa bese inqubo ijikeleza futhi.
Ngenxa yalolu hlelo “oluvaliwe” lwensimbi oluncibilikayo/lomjovo kanye nokunyakaza okuncane komshini oshisayo we-hot chamber kunganikeza umnotho ongcono wokukhiqiza.Ingxubevange yensimbi ye-Zinc isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ku-hot room pressure die casting enephuzu lokuncibilika eliphansi elinikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokuguga okuphansi emishinini (ibhodwe, i-gooseneck, umkhono, i-plunger, umlomo wombhobho) kanye nokuguga okuphansi kumathuluzi okufa (ithuluzi elide kangaka. impilo uma iqhathaniswa namathuluzi e-aluminium die cast - kuncike ekwamukelweni kwekhwalithi yokusakaza).
Igama elithi i-cold chamber livela enqubweni yensimbi encibilikisiwe ethelwa ekamelweni elibandayo/umkhono wokudubula oxhunywe nge-die platen engaguquki ngemuva kwethuluzi lokufa eliyingxenye engashintshi.Izithando zensimbi ezincibilikisiwe ezibamba/ezincibilikayo zivame ukuba seduze nokuphela komshini wokuphonsa ukuze u-opharetha osebenza ngesandla noma i-automatic ladle yokuthela akwazi ukukhipha insimbi encibilikisiwe edingekayo ekudubuleni/umjikelezo ngamunye ngeladi bese ethela insimbi encibilikisiwe ibe imbobo yokuthela ngaphakathi komkhono/igumbi lokudubula.Ithiphu ye-plunger (okuyingxenye egqokekayo neshintshekayo, ukunemba okwenziwe kumshini wokudubula ophakathi nendawo evumela ukunwetshwa okushisayo) exhunywe enqameni yomshini iphusha insimbi encibilikisiwe egunjini lokudutshulwa kanye nasemgodini wokufa.Umshini wokujikijela ifa lapho uyalwa uzoqhuba isigaba sokuqala ukusunduza insimbi encibilikisiwe idlule imbobo yokuthela emkhonweni.Izigaba ezengeziwe zenzeka ngaphansi komfutho we-hydraulic okhuphukile ovela enqameni ukujova insimbi encibilikisiwe emgodini wokufa.Yonke le nqubo ithatha imizuzwana, ukucindezela okusheshayo nokuqinisayo kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lensimbi kubangela ukuba insimbi iqine emgodini wokufa.I-half platen ehambayo yomshini wokulingisa idayizi iyavula (lapho uhhafu onyakazayo wethuluzi le-die ugxiliswe kukho) futhi ikhiphe ukulahla okuqinile ebusweni bethuluzi.I-casting iyasuswa, ubuso obufayo bugcotshwe ngesistimu yokufafaza bese umjikelezo uphindaphindiwe.
Imishini yasekamelweni elibandayo ifanele ukuphonswa kwe-aluminium, izingxenye emshinini (umkhono wokudubula, ithiphu le-plunger) zingashintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imikhono ingaphathwa ngensimbi ukuze kwandiswe ukuqina kwayo.Ingxubevange ye-aluminiyamu incibilika ku-ceramic crucible ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika le-aluminium kanye nesidingo sokunciphisa ingcuphe yokulandwa kwensimbi okuyingozi ngaphakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbiwa phansi.Ngenxa yokuthi i-aluminiyamu iyingxube yensimbi elula uma kuqhathaniswa, ivumela ukulingwa kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu nezisindayo noma lapho kudingeka khona amandla angeziwe kanye nokukhanya ekubunjweni kwe-die.
